COMPLEX DISPOSAL OF FRUIT AND VEGETABLE WASTE USING METHANE FERMENTATION
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.58407/bht.1.26.12Keywords:
fruit and vegetable waste, methane fermentation, biogas, digestate, plant stimulationAbstract
Purpose of the work. Research into methane fermentation of fruit and vegetable production waste, which has three main aspects: waste elimination (ecological), obtaining alternative fuel – biogas (bioenergy), and plant growth biostimulant – digestate (renewable agriculture).
Methodology. Research on methane fermentation of fruit and vegetable production waste in mesophilic conditions in a periodic mode was conducted. Laboratory installations were used: methane tank, water gasholder. The intensity of gas generation, qualitative composition of biogas were determined. Fermentation indicators were determined using standard methods in the laboratory of the Department of Ecology and Ecomanagement of the NUFT. The stimulating effect of digestate solution on ryegrass seeds was studied.
Scientific novelty. It has been found that fruit and vegetable waste is an available substrate for methane fermentation in a periodic mode (mesophilic conditions). This produces biogas with a high methane content, making it a valuable alternative fuel. The possibility of using a digestate solution for biostimulation of lawn grass seeds (ryegrass), which is important for the development of renewable agriculture, has been investigated.
Conclusions. Methane fermentation of technological waste of a fruit and vegetable enterprise makes it possible to comprehensively solve several problems: environmental, energy and agricultural.
In the process of methane fermentation, this type of waste is completely eliminated. Moreover, biogas with a high methane content is formed, which makes it a high-quality alternative energy resource. A significant intensity of gas generation was recorded; per 1 kg of dry waste, the total biogas yield was 320 dm3. And the content of the combustible component – methane – reached 60–62 %.
Another product of methane fermentation of fruit and vegetable waste, namely digestate, is promising for plant biostimulation, which is a modern direction of renewable agriculture. Biostimulated seeds were characterized by accelerated growth of roots and shoots by 21–28 % and 22–31 %, respectively. Germination energy increased by 20.4 % compared to the control.
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