Biota. Human. Technology

SEASONAL MONITORING OF DESNA RIVER WATER DURING 2024

Alla Zhydenko — 2025-07-10

Purpose of work: to analyse the hydrochemical indicators of the Desna River water during 2024, to show the impact of individual pollutants on human health.

Methodology: In accordance with the updated orders of the Ministry of Environment dated January 9, 2024 No. 37 “On Approval of the State Water Monitoring Program” and the State Water Agency dated January 12, 2024 No. 7 “On the Implementation of the Procedure for State Water Monitoring”, the Desna Basin Water Resources Department carried out diagnostic and operational monitoring of surface water bodies of the Upper Dnieper and Desna River sub-basins during 2024. The results of monitoring observations of the Desna River were used as initial information for calculations and preparation of tables and graphs. Based on the analysis of these data, conclusions were made.

Scientific novelty: Analysis of the obtained data showed a relationship between changes in the concentration of total iron, manganese and dissolved organic substances (easily oxidizable, which were determined by the indicator COD_Мn). For all these indicators, exceeding the TLV for fishery reservoirs was recorded in all seasons. The simultaneous increase in COD_Мn in March, June and August 2024 was largely due to the presence of organic substances of a carbohydrate, rather than protein-like nature, since changes in the concentrations of ammonium nitrogen and its metabolites were not significant during this period.

Conclusions: 1) seasonal changes in the concentration of water pollutants in the Desna River during 2024 were influenced by abiotic, anthropogenic factors and military actions (pollution of the Seim River by the discharge of unknown waste from Russian territory); 2) the concentration of dry residue, phosphate ions, nitrate and nitrite nitrogen in the water of the Desna River during 2024 fluctuated within normal limits; 3) the concentration of ammonium nitrogen (except in May) exceeded the TLV for water bodies intended for fishery purposes. Its highest amount was observed in August, September and November (as a result of pollution of the Seim River); 4) in all seasons of 2024, the average values of COD_Mn, total iron (Fe²⁺ and Fe³⁺), and manganese consistently exceeded the TLV for fishery reservoirs; 5) according to the ecological classification of the quality of surface waters of land and estuaries according to trophozo-saprobiological criteria during 2024, the water of the Desna River, according to the averaged BOD₅ values, belongs to classes III and IV (“satisfactory” and “bad”).

CALCULATIONS OF THE SUITABILITY OF FOOD INDUSTRY WASTEWATER FOR BIOLOGICAL TREATMENT

Natalia Bublienko — 2025-07-10

Objective. Determination of pollution indicators of wastewater of various origins and calculations of their suitability for biological treatment of a certain type.

Methodology. The research was conducted by analyzing the level of pollution of wastewater of the III category of a sugar factory and the total effluent of a city dairy. Determination of pollution indicators of wastewater (COD, BOD, total nitrogen, phosphorus, etc.) was carried out in the ecological laboratory of the Department of Ecology and Ecomanagement of the National University of Food Technologies using standard methods. Laboratory installations were used to carry out the purification processes: aeration tank, methane tank, gasholder.

Scientific novelty. The study reveals the features of calculations regarding the suitability of wastewater of specific food industry enterprises for a certain method of biological treatment. The use of the calculations will ensure the selection of the optimal wastewater treatment technology, which will be economically and environmentally justified. This will optimize and accelerate the choice of the method of wastewater treatment.

Conclusions. The initial parameters of the III category wastewater of the sugar factory and the total wastewater of the city dairy were studied.

Calculations proved the suitability of the III category wastewater of the sugar factory for biological treatment under anaerobic conditions: with a ratio of BOD_total to COD equal to 0,76; with a COD indicator exceeding 2000 mg O/dm³; with a ratio of BOD_total to biogenic elements 464,7:7,12:1; with an optimal pH of 7,4 and the absence of toxic elements. The wastewater of the city dairy is suitable for aerobic biological treatment: with a ratio of BOD_total to COD equal to 0,81; with a COD indicator not exceeding 2000 mg O/dm³; with a ratio of BOD_total to biogenic elements 96,3:5,04:1; optimal pH 6,8 and the absence of toxic elements.

Methane fermentation of sugar factory wastewater resulted in high purification efficiency – 94,23 %. The amount of biogas was 0,923 dm³/g COD, the methane content in it – 66 %. Aerobic biological purification of dairy wastewater ensured purification efficiency – 96,88 %.

THE QUALITY OF GROUNDWATER OF KIPTIVSKA RURAL TERRITORIAL COMMUNITY (CHERNIHIV REGION)

Andrij Kotelchuk — 2025-07-10

The paper examines groundwater samples from the Kiptivska rural territorial community in the Chernihiv region. Water samples for the study were collected from eight control points at depths ranging from 26 to 36 meters. The analysis assessed various parameters, including organoleptic characteristics (smell, taste, aftertaste), physicochemical properties (pH, total mineralization, total hardness, total alkalinity, total iron content and concentrations of NH₄⁺, NO₃^-, Mn²⁺ions), as well as microbiological indicators (total microbial count, total coliforms, and E. coli). These water samples were collected in December 2024, and the results were compared to normative values, specifically Hygienic Requirements for Drinking Water Intended for Human Consumption» (DSanPiN 2.2.4-171-10).

Purpose of the work: to assess the water quality of groundwater intakes of the Kiptivska rural territorial community of Chernihiv district of Chernihiv region to solve the problem of providing the population with quality drinking water.

Methodology. The organoleptic (smell, taste, aftertaste), physicochemical (pH, total mineralization, total hardness, total alkalinity, total iron content, content of NH₄⁺, NO₃^-,Mn²⁺ ions) and microbiological (total microbial count, total coliforms, E. coli) indicators of water samples taken from groundwater intakes of the Kiptivska rural territorial community of Chernihiv district, Chernihiv region.

Scientific novelty is analyzing the groundwater intakes of the Kiptivska rural territorial community of Chernihiv region.

Conclusions: The hydrogen index (pH), mineralization, and total hardness in the groundwater of the Kiptivska territorial community of Chernihiv district are within the normal range. The concentration of total Ferric exceeds the maximum permissible concentration by 1,7-3,8 times and of Manganese ions by 2,4–16,4 times. In order to improve the quality of drinking water supply in the long term, it is recommended to organize water intake from deeper aquifers that are less vulnerable to surface and man-made pollution.

QUANTUM CHEMICAL AND PHARMACOLOGICAL CHARACTERISTICS OF 6-ARYLAMINO-7H-[1,2,4]TRIAZOLO[3,4-B][1,3,4]THIADIAZINES DERIVATIVES

Viktor Yanchenko — 2025-07-10

Purpose of the work. To determine the relationship between biological activity and quantum chemical descriptors for 6-arylamino-7H-[1,2,4]triazolo[3,4-b][1,3,4]thiadiazine derivatives and to predict their metabolic pathways.

Methodology. For the primary screening, a library of compounds containing 42 derivatives of 6-arylamino-7H-[1,2,4]triazolo[3,4-b][1,3,4]thiadiazine was created.

The study was conducted using ChemOffice software package, Molinspiration Cheminformatics, OSIRIS Property Explorer, SwissTargetPrediction, SuperPred, and ProTox online resources. The energy characteristics, pharmacokinetic parameters, and toxicity were calculated, compliance with the Lipinski rule was assessed, and the probable ligand proteins were predicted. Microsoft Excel was used to perform linear correlation and regression analyses in the coordinates of binding probability – quantum chemical descriptors.

Scientific novelty. Virtual screening of pharmacological activity and probable metabolic products for new 6-arylamino-7H-[1,2,4]triazolo[3,4-b][1,3,4]thiadiazine derivatives was performed and correlations between the probability of binding to Histone deacetylase 4 and Cyclin-dependent kinase 2/cyclin A proteins and energy parameters of the molecules were revealed.

Conclusions. Prediction of possible biological activity for a number of 6-arylamino-7H-[1,2,4]triazolo[3,4-b][1,3,4]thiadiazine derivatives was performed. A number of correlation dependencies were established for the probable ligands with the highest binding probability and energies of the highest occupied and lowest vacant molecular orbitals. The metabolic pathways with the formation of hydroxylated, demethylated, and O- and N-acylated forms of the starting compounds were predicted. The obtained results are useful for a more reasonable virtual screening of biological activity of new 6-arylamino-7H-[1,2,4]triazolo[3,4-b][1,3,4]thiadiazine derivatives for the targeted synthesis of future medicinal substances.

DEVELOPMENT OF A POWDER MIXTURE FOR PREPARING A DRINK WITH INGREDIENTS THAT PROMOTE INCREASE COGNITIVE ENDURANCE

Sofiia Chernenko — 2025-07-10

The aim of this work was to develop an instant powdered beverage enriched with microencapsulated polyphenols and neuro-supportive nutrients to enhance cognitive endurance under combat-related stress. The product is intended for use by military personnel operating in extreme environments that impair mental performance.

Methodology: The beverage formulation included epigallocatechin gallate (EGCG), L-tyrosine, caffeine, L-theanine, zinc citrate, and berry-derived anthocyanins. Polyphenols were microencapsulated using sodium alginate, gelatin, and maltodextrin, followed by freeze-drying. To reduce the bitterness of L-tyrosine and EGCG, a masking matrix based on maltodextrin and whey protein isolate was developed. The samples were analyzed for antioxidant activity (DPPH, FRAP), individual polyphenol content (HPLC), sensory attributes, solubility, and physical stability during 30-day storage.

Scientific novelty: This study presents an integrated approach combining microencapsulation, matrix masking, and functional formulation tailored to cognitive needs in high-stress settings. For the first time, a freeze-dried beverage matrix was designed to stabilize both EGCG and anthocyanins while simultaneously masking L-tyrosine bitterness without advanced encapsulation systems.

Conclusions: The developed beverage demonstrated high antioxidant activity, excellent solubility, and sensory acceptability. Microencapsulation significantly improved the retention of polyphenols and organoleptic quality. The formulation proved stable for at least 30 days at room temperature. The combination of ingredients was scientifically justified and technologically feasible. The product has potential for use in military nutrition as a convenient and effective means to support cognitive performance and endurance during prolonged stress.

METHODS OF CONTROLLING THE SPREAD OF THE INVASIVE SPECIES ULMUS PUMILA L. NEAR RAILWAY TRACKS

Yuliia Stupak — 2025-07-10

Purpose of the work. To investigate the effectiveness of various methods of controlling populations of invasive species, in particular mechanical, manual method and chemical methods of controlling the spread of the invasive species Ulmus pumila L.

Methodology. Within the framework of the study, we applied three main methods of controlling the invasive species U. pumila, namely: a mechanical method, which consisted in mowing the above-ground part of plants; a manual method, in particular, pruning young shoots using a hand saw; a chemical method, which involved local treatment with herbicide (monoammonium salt of glyphosate) of individual shoots. Studies of the effectiveness of these methods were carried out on three plots measuring 3 × 2 m each, where different control methods were used. The effectiveness of these methods was assessed based on changes in the population of plants of the studied species in each individual plot.

Scientific novelty. Comparison of the effectiveness of various methods of controlling invasive plant species, in particular U. pumila, in growing conditions near railway tracks on the southwestern outskirts of the city of Chernihiv. For the first time, this work has carried out a comparative analysis of mechanical, manual and chemical methods for controlling the spread of an invasive species.

Conclusions. It was established that the mechanical method is the most promising and safest for controlling the U. pumila population in the conditions of the studied region. The chemical method also demonstrated high efficiency, but is economically expensive and carries risks of negative impact on the ecosystem. The manual method, which involves manual pruning of young shoots, turned out to be the least effective due to significant time costs and the impossibility of completely removing all young shoots. To achieve a sustainable result, it is important to consider the possibility of combining different methods, which will allow achieving a longer-lasting effect. At the same time, further research is needed to assess the long-term effectiveness of each method.

BLOOD DONATION – A VITAL PRACTICE IN THERAPY AND LIFE-SAVING: HEALTH BENEFITS AND IMPACT ON WELL-BEING

Małgorzata Gradziuk — 2025-07-10

Purpose: The aim of this article is to provide a detailed analysis of the health benefits of blood donation, with particular emphasis on its effects on cardiovascular function, iron regulation, lipid metabolism, blood pressure and the prevention of lifestyle diseases, including myocardial infarction, atherosclerosis, coronary heart disease and cancer. In addition, the detoxifying effects of blood donation are presented, including the elimination of toxins from the body, such as perfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS).

Materials and methods. To obtain accurate and comprehensive information on the health aspects of blood donation, a review of the available scientific literature was conducted. The search included databases such as PubMed, Scopus, Web of Science and Google Scholar. The material analysed included scientific articles, clinical research reports, systematic reviews and reports on the role of blood donation in therapy and life-saving, with a particular focus on its benefits, procedures and impact on donor health. The article is based on a review of the available scientific studies and literature, including experimental and epidemiological findings, that indicate the positive effects of regular blood donation. Literature sources include studies on blood donation as well as a wide range of literature on cardiovascular, metabolic, oncological diseases and body detoxification. Data from international health organisations and medical guidelines on blood donation procedures were also included.

Scientific novelty. The study presents an innovative perspective on the health benefits of blood donation, emphasising its role not only in saving the lives of recipients, but also in preventing and treating disease in donors. The article presents research and analysis that highlights the surprising health benefits for individuals who donate blood regularly. It integrates research from a range of medical disciplines, highlighting multidimensional health benefits that go beyond the traditional understanding of blood transfusion. It also provides new information on the role of blood donation in detoxifying the body and its potential to reduce the risk of chronic diseases such as atherosclerosis and cancer.

Conclusions. Regular blood donation has a positive effect on the cardiovascular system, reducing the risk of heart disease by lowering iron levels and improving lipid metabolism. Blood donation helps maintain appropriate iron levels, reducing the risk of cardiovascular disease and excessive accumulation of this element, which is harmful to the body. Regular blood donation can reduce the risk of heart attack by influencing cholesterol levels and improving the condition of blood vessels. There is evidence that donating blood can lower blood pressure, especially in people with hypertension. Blood donation helps to reduce the risk of atherosclerosis by improving the lipid profile and lowering levels of 'bad' LDL cholesterol. Regular blood donation improves cardiovascular health and reduces the risk of coronary heart disease. Blood donation can help prevent metabolic syndrome, including improving insulin sensitivity and lowering blood glucose levels. The body's ability to regulate blood lipid levels increases, reducing the risk of diseases associated with excess fat in the body. Regular blood donation helps remove toxic substances, such as PFAS, that can accumulate in the human body. Data suggests that blood donation may reduce the risk of developing certain types of cancer, particularly by improving the body's overall condition and eliminating toxins. Blood donation is not only vital for saving lives, but can also be an effective preventive measure in the treatment and prevention of lifestyle diseases. Studies show a wide range of health benefits that can improve quality of life and reduce the risk of many serious diseases.

PHYTOTEST ASSESSMENT OF POTENTIAL HEALTH RISKS TO CHILDREN FROM USING SECOND-HAND AND STOCK CLOTHING WASHED WITH SYNTHETIC DETERGENTS

Nataliia Tkachuk — 2025-07-10

Second-hand clothing, for the treatment of which formaldehyde is used, as well as stock clothing, are widely used in Ukraine. The toxicity of such clothing can be assessed by phytotesting using Lepidium sativum as a test plant. It is proposed to solve the problem of clothing toxicity by washing with synthetic detergents, which include compounds with toxic properties.

The aim of this work was to study the toxicity of reusable clothing (“second-hand”) and stock clothing using L. sativum phytotest in different washing options with children’s laundry detergents and to assess the potential health risks to children when using such clothing.

Methodology. The study used the method of questioning students about their use of second-hand clothing, as well as the method of phytotesting the toxicity of second-hand clothing and stock clothing washed with synthetic detergents, using Lepidium sativum as a test plant. During the study, 3 series of experiments were carried out. The results were statistically processed.

Scientific novelty. For the first time, the toxicity of second-hand children’s clothing and stock clothing after washing with synthetic detergents has been shown in the growth test with Lepidium sativum, which may be associated with residual compounds of these detergents and is potentially dangerous for children’s health.

Conclusions. Phytotesting has established a slight toxicity of second-hand and stock cotton clothing, which may be associated with residual compounds used to treat such clothing. The presence of water-soluble and water-insoluble residual compounds after washing such clothing with synthetic detergents ensures its toxicity (from weak to extreme), which is potentially dangerous for the health of children. Elimination of toxicity of second-hand and stock cotton clothing is achieved by washing them with laundry soap.