Biota. Human. Technology

CEYLON CINNAMON (CINNAMOMUM VERUM J. PRESL) – MEDICINAL PROPERTIES, USES, AND THERAPEUTIC POTENTIAL

2026-04-07T07:25:20+03:00

Purpose of the work. This article aims to analyse the health-promoting benefits of Ceylon cinnamon (Cinnamomum verum J. Presl) and evaluate its therapeutic value in contemporary medical and dietary contexts. It also discusses potential applications in preventing and supporting the treatment of metabolic, cardiovascular, neoplastic, neurodegenerative and infectious diseases, as well as digestive and skeletal system disorders. Additionally, the study assesses the safety of using cinnamon in various pharmaceutical and dietary forms.

Methodology. A review of the available scientific literature was conducted to obtain comprehensive information on the medicinal properties and potential applications of Ceylon cinnamon. The analysis included the following databases: PubMed Central, Scopus, ResearchGate, Web of Science, ScienceDirect, Ovid Technologies and Google Scholar. A total of 139 scientific articles and eight monographs were included in the review. The analysed materials comprised original research articles, systematic reviews, meta-analyses and experimental and clinical reports, which addressed the effects of the chemical compounds present in cinnamon on its therapeutic properties. Source selection was based on publication recency, methodological quality, and the clinical relevance of the reported findings.

Scientific novelty. This work offers a novel perspective on the health benefits of C. verum, highlighting its potential as an adjunctive therapy for cancer, metabolic, infectious and neurodegenerative diseases. The article presents research findings that indicate the broad spectrum of activity of the bioactive compounds found in cinnamon, and their potential application in clinical practice. Particular attention is given to the molecular mechanisms of phytochemical action and the use of modern technologies to enhance bioavailability and therapeutic efficacy, such as nanoparticles and mucoadhesive gels. Combining botanical, pharmacological, and clinical knowledge using an interdisciplinary approach enabled a holistic assessment of the therapeutic potential of Ceylon cinnamon.

Conclusions. Cinnamon has been used in Asian cuisine for several thousand years, not only as a spice, but also as a medicinal ingredient. It is characterised by its rich phytochemistry and wide range of health-promoting effects. C. verum alleviates disorders of the digestive, urinary and skeletal systems, and exhibits strong antioxidant and anti-inflammatory properties. Available data suggest that it may support the treatment of numerous diseases, including cancer, due to its antioxidant content and ability to modulate inflammatory processes. Its documented biological activities – anti-inflammatory, antiviral, antibacterial, antiparasitic, anti-obesity and antineurodegenerative – have a beneficial impact on human health. Compounds present in cinnamon essential oils improve tissue insulin sensitivity, reduce blood glucose and lipid levels, and inhibit the development of neoplastic and infectious processes. The use of modern delivery systems for bioactive substances, such as nanoparticles and mucoadhesive gels, can significantly increase the bioavailability and therapeutic efficacy of cinnamon while reducing its toxicity to normal cells. Furthermore, taking cinnamon supplements at doses of 1-6 g per day has been shown to have the most favourable health effects. Products derived from the bark, leaves and roots of the cinnamon tree are used in herbal medicine, cosmetology and the food and beverage industry.

GLOBAL ARCHITECTURE OF THE PUBLIC HEALTH SYSTEM: FROM AN ECOSYSTEM TO A CIVILISATIONAL APPROACH

2026-07-24T15:37:55+03:00

Purpose of the work is to substantiate and propose a global architecture of the public health system that integrates “One Health”, "Health in All Policies", SDGs and SDGs through the transition from an ecosystem (zoonosecentric) to a civilizational approach with a focus on non-communicable diseases as the main object of preventive management.

Research methodology. The study is based on a systemic approach to the analysis of the architecture of the public health system. A systemic analysis of international regulatory and strategic documents (One Health, Health in All Policies, social determinants of health, Sustainable Development Goals), a cross-influence method for assessing the systemic significance of SDG indicators, a case analysis of the implementation of the One Health concept in Ukraine and a comparative conceptual analysis that justifies the transition from an ecosystem to a civilizational approach in the design of the architecture of the public health system were applied.

Scientific novelty. For the first time, an integrative four-level model of the global architecture of the public health system is proposed, combining the concepts of One Health, social determinants of health, Health in All Policies and Sustainable Development Goals. The concept of “One Health-filter” is introduced as a tool for identifying intersectoral risks.

Conclusions. The proposed global architecture of the public health system, which integrates the concept of “One Health” (bioecological core), social determinants of health (socio-economic level), the strategy “Health in All Policies” (management mechanism) and the Sustainable Development Goals (normative and target framework), allows us to justify the transition from an ecosystem-based (focused mainly on zoonotic infections) to a civilization-based approach, where the main object of preventive management is non-communicable diseases (90 % of the global burden), caused by anthropogenic changes on a planetary scale. For Ukraine, taking into account the war-related environmental degradation, demographic crisis and the growth of mental disorders, the priority is to implement the “One Health Filter” tool, integrate epidemiological surveillance, environmental monitoring and veterinary safety into a single analytical and management platform using the identified TOP-5 priority tasks of the SDGs (3.d, 2.4, 6.3, 11.6, 15.5), which will ensure the transition from disease response to preventive management of civilizational determinants of health.

RESEARCH OF CHRONIC TOXICITY OF THE OIL COMPLEX BASED ON AMBER

2026-03-11T20:07:11+02:00

The paper examines an amber-based oil complex and identifies it as a raw material for developing safe cosmetic and pharmaceutical products.

Purpose of the work. To study the toxicology of the TM IL SAV AMBER amber-based oil complex during repeated use. The study assessed its damaging effects during prolonged use, identified the most sensitive organs and systems of the body, and studied the degree of reversibility of any damage.

Methodology. We studied the main integrative indicators of functional status, indicators of the cardiovascular and central nervous systems, peripheral and biochemical blood indicators, and urine status. The experiment involved 40 healthy white rats, which were administered an oil complex (average dose: 2.5 ml/kg); the control group received a 0.9 % NaCl. Behavioral reactions were studied using the “open field” test. Systolic pressure was measured using a bloodless method with a manometer and pulse recorder. Urine was examined using DekaPhan Leuco diagnostic test strips on a CL-50 urine analyzer (High Technology Inc). The number of red blood cells, white blood cells, and platelets in the blood was counted in a Goryaev chamber. Blood hemoglobin was determined using the hemichromatic method. The activity of ALT, AST, LF, the content of total protein, albumin, globulin, creatinine, urea, glucose, total cholesterol, triglycerides, sodium, potassium, calcium, chloride, and phosphorus in blood serum were determined using clinical biochemistry reagent kits; prothrombin time was determined using a SOLAR CGL2110 turbidimetric hemocoagulometer.

Scientific novelty. The chronic toxicity of the amber-based oil complex TM IL SAV AMBER has been investigated for the first time.

Conclusions. Repeated dermal applications of the amber-based oil complex TM IL SAV AMBER do not cause statistically significant differences in cytological and biochemical parameters of the blood system, urine, functional parameters of the cardiovascular system, and do not cause differences in integrative parameters of the central nervous system and gastrointestinal tract between the experimental and control groups of animals. The drug can be recommended for further laboratory studies.

MODERN APPROACHES TO BIOINDICATIVE MONITORING OF AQUATIC ECOSYSTEMS

2026-06-25T22:00:53+03:00

Modern anthropogenic pressure on aquatic ecosystems demands the implementation of highly sensitive monitoring methods capable of detecting homeostatic disruptions in hydrobionts at early stages. Traditional hydrobiological approaches based on the structural and functional organization of planktonic and benthic communities are increasingly being integrated with molecular-biochemical and toxicological test systems. A particular threat to the stability of ichthyocenoses and aquaculture facilities is posed by the chronic influx of chemical xenobiotics (herbicides, surfactants) and biological contaminants (mycotoxins, specifically aflatoxin B1 and T-2 toxin). In this regard, the theoretical synthesis and analytical evaluation of the informativeness of modern coenotic, molecular-genetic, and biochemical markers used for the integrated ecological audit of water bodies is highly relevant.

The aim of the study was to perform a systematic analysis and synthesis of modern methodological approaches to the bioindicative monitoring of aquatic ecosystems, identifying the most informative molecular-biochemical, coenotic, and ichthyotoxicological markers of anthropogenic transformation of water bodies and the assessment of the adaptive potential of hydrobionts.

Methodology was based on the systematic analysis, comparative assessment, and synthesis of results from contemporary field and experimental studies within the global scientific space. The subjects of this analytical review included the development parameters of successional processes in phytoplankton and diatom algae, the peculiarities of fish embryogenesis under the influence of climatic factors, as well as fluctuations in energy metabolism (mitochondrial respiration enzymes, gluconeogenesis), lipid and nucleic acid metabolism (DNA, RNA, free nucleotides), the intensity of lipid peroxidation, and antioxidant defense in target organs of cyprinid fish under the action of chemical and biological pollutants.

Scientific novelty of the work lies in the systematization and critical analysis of multi-level biomonitoring markers, substantiating the necessity of moving away from mono-parametric evaluations. For the first time, long-term ecological monitoring vectors at the phyto- and benthocoenosis levels have been comprehensively combined and conceptualized alongside cellular receptor expression (TRPV4) and the seasonal dynamics of enzymatic alterations in the fish organism under conditions of combined chemical (pesticides, surfactants) and biological (mycotoxicosis) loading.

Conclusions. It has been proven that evaluating the species diversity of microalgae is a reliable indicator of long-term changes in the trophic status of river systems, whereas the parameters of early fish ontogeny reflect the impact of global climatic factors. It was established that under the influence of chemical xenobiotics and mycotoxins (aflatoxin B1, T-2 toxin), the universal and most sensitive criteria for early pathological processes are the intensification of lipid peroxidation, depression of the antioxidant system, inhibition of nucleic acid metabolism, and destruction of mitochondrial enzymatic pathways. The obtained results substantiate the viability of developing and practically implementing integrated multi-marker panels into the general system of ecological monitoring for both natural water bodies and industrial aquaculture.

FREE RADICAL PROCESSES IN CARP TISSUES UNDER THE TOXIC INFLUENCE OF THE PREPARATION “KORAGEN” IN IN VITRO CONDITIONS

2026-06-28T22:50:29+03:00

Purpose of the work. Assessment of the redox status of carp tissues (Cyprinus carpio L.) under the action of toxic concentrations of the drug "Koragen" against the background of artificially induced oxidative stress.

Methodology. The experiment was conducted in vitro on isolated carp tissues (C. carpio) in the system of non-enzymatic lipid peroxidation. The choice of the degree of dilution of the drug was due to the search for its dangerous concentration for the redox homeostasis of the studied tissues under experimental conditions. The intensity of the course of oxidative processes was assessed by the accumulation of malondialdehyde, and the state of the enzymatic link of the antioxidant protection system - by superoxide dismutase and catalase activities. The direction of free radical processes towards the anti- or pro-oxidant component was assessed by calculating the antioxidant state factor. The content of total protein was determined photocolorimetrically according to O.N. Lowry. Statistical processing of the obtained data was carried out using generally accepted methods of mathematical statistics.

Scientific novelty. For the first time, the redox status of carp tissues (C. carpio) was assessed under the action of toxic concentrations of the drug “Koragen” against the background of artificially induced oxidative stress.

Conclusions. The features of the concentration and tissue-specific effect of the drug “Koragen” on the processes of lipid peroxidation and antioxidant defense enzymes in carp tissues under in vitro conditions were established. The ways of protecting humans and animals from the toxic effects of the drug in the areas of its agrochemical application were analyzed. Multidirectional changes in the studied tissues regarding the content of malondialdehyde were shown depending on the concentration of the drug and the time of its exposure in the tissues. Activation of superoxide dismutase activity in the liver, muscles and inhibition of this enzyme in erythrocytes were established in most variants of the experiment. The sensitivity of the catalase enzyme to the concentration of the drug and the exposure time was revealed.

BIOCHEMICAL PARAMETERS AND CYTO-GENETIC ASPECTS OF NUCLEIC ACID METABOLISM IN CRUCIAN CARP TISSUES UNDER THE INFLUENCE OF MYCOTOXINS

2026-07-20T07:53:36+03:00

ABSTRACT

The intensification of industrial aquaculture and current climate changes increase the risk of mycotoxin contamination in fish feed and the aquatic environment, which requires a profound understanding of the molecular mechanisms of their pathogenic action. Traditional pathomorphological studies are increasingly being supplemented by subtle molecular genetic and cytological test systems capable of recording homeostatic disturbances in hydrobionts at the subcellular level. A particular threat to the stability of ichthyocenoses is posed by the chronic dietary intake of biological contaminants, specifically aflatoxin B1 (AFB1) and T-2 toxin, which directly affect the genetic apparatus and plastic metabolism of target cells. In this regard, the biochemical and cytogenetic substantiation of the informativeness of nucleic acid metabolism markers for the early diagnosis of mycotoxicoses in fish is highly relevant.

The aim of the work was to elucidate the cytological and genetic mechanisms of nucleic acid metabolism disorders in cells of various fish organs (liver, muscles, gills, and brain) under the isolated and combined action of aflatoxin B1 and T-2 toxin.

The methodology was based on a systematic analysis, comparative assessment, and generalization of the results of modern field and experimental ichthyotoxicological studies from the global and domestic scientific space. The subject of the analytical review was the regularities of quantitative shifts in RNA content, the dynamics of the integral index of plastic metabolism (RNA/DNA ratio), as well as fluctuations in the activity of hydrolytic enzymes of nucleic acid metabolism (acid and alkaline DNases and RNases) in the cells of cyprinid fish under intoxication conditions.

The scientific novelty of the work lies in the comprehensive disclosure and systematization of the multilevel pathological effects of mycotoxins on the protein-synthesizing and genetic apparatus of fish cells. For the first time, the differences between the cytogenetic action of AFB1 (via metabolic activation to epoxides and transcription blockade) and T-2 toxin (via initiation of ribotoxic stress and translation inhibition) have been conceptualized, and the mechanism of their synergism under conditions of mixed contamination, leading to a total collapse of nucleic acid metabolism, has been theoretically substantiated.

Conclusions. It has been proven that isolated and combined exposure to mycotoxins causes a systemic regression of the plastic balance, reducing the RNA level (by up to 41.7 %) and the RNA/DNA coefficient (by up to 25.3 %) in all studied organs, with the most pronounced manifestations in the liver and brain. It has been established that the key molecular genetic trigger of nucleic acid degradation is the stable activation of DNase and RNase (by ~1.8 times), which cytologically is accompanied by the destruction of the granular endoplasmic reticulum ultrastructure, nucleolar degradation, karyolysis, and the trigger of apoptosis. The obtained results substantiate the feasibility of the practical implementation of nucleic acid metabolism markers into multi-marker panels for monitoring fish health in industrial aquaculture.

FEATURES OF GROUND BEETLE ASSEMBLAGES (COLEOPTERA: CARABIDAE) IN DIFFERENT HABITAT TYPES IN THE VICINITY OF VELYKA DOBRON VILLAGE (TRANSCARPATHIAN LOWLAND)

2026-05-31T05:57:29+03:00

Purpose of the work. The aim of the study was to investigate the species composition and assemblage structure of ground beetles (Coleoptera: Carabidae) in the vicinity of Velyka Dobron village (Transcarpathian Lowland, Ukraine) and to compare the fauna of five habitat types: forest, meadow, arable field, orchard, and the riparian zone of a melioration canal.

Methodology. Field investigations were conducted in 2023–2025 using pitfall trapping with Barber traps. Collected specimens were identified to species level and analysed using species richness, abundance, the Shannon index, dominance index, Buzas–Gibson’s evenness, and Chao-1. Correspondence Analysis (CA), SIMPER analysis, and cluster analysis based on the Morisita similarity index were used for descriptive comparison of the assemblages.

Scientific novelty. This is the first comparative study of ground beetle assemblages in different habitat types in the vicinity of Velyka Dobron using multivariate analytical methods. The results supplement current knowledge of the Carabidae fauna of the Transcarpathian Lowland and clarify local patterns in the distribution of the most abundant species within a mosaic agricultural landscape.

Conclusions. A total of 203 ground beetle individuals belonging to 19 species and 13 genera were recorded in the investigated habitats. The highest species richness and abundance were found in the orchard habitat (14 species, 90 individuals), whereas the lowest species richness was recorded in the forest habitat (3 species, 19 individuals). The highest Shannon index value was observed in the meadow habitat (H′ = 2.008), while the highest dominance index was recorded in the riparian zone of the melioration canal (D = 0.5072). The greatest Morisita similarity was found between the meadow and arable field habitats (0.928), whereas the lowest similarity was recorded between the forest habitat and the riparian zone of the canal (0.017). These results indicate differences in species composition, abundance, and structural parameters of ground beetle assemblages among the investigated habitats.

MORPHOLOGY OF FROGS OF THE GENUS PELOPHYLAX ALONG THE BANKS OF THE DESNA RIVER, CHERNIHIV

2026-07-01T08:20:14+03:00

The destruction of natural habitats as a result of war, as well as advancing urbanisation, pose a pressing challenge for the conservation and, ultimately, the restoration of natural ecosystems. Amphibians are identified as one of the most vulnerable groups of animals in terms of their response to environmental changes. One of the reasons for the decline in amphibian populations is the increasing human impact on the natural environment. In urban areas, changes in the structure of amphibian populations have been observed, along with an increase in the incidence of diseases and abnormalities in development and morphology.

Purpose of the work. The aim of this study is to analyse morphological characteristics, determine species affiliation, examine features of sexual dimorphism, and identify possible diseases and developmental abnormalities in frogs of the genus Pelophylax found in the riparian zone of the Desna River.

Methodology. Frogs of the genus Pelophylax were caught using a landing net or by hand. The captured animals were placed in a linen bag, which was periodically moistened to prevent their skin from drying out or overheating. Descriptions of morphological characteristics, such as colouration and the pattern on the back and belly, as well as morphometric measurements, were carried out whilst the animals were still alive, after which they were released back into the area where they had been caught. Measurements were taken using an electronic vernier caliper, accurate to the nearest hundredth of a millimetre. Statistical analysis was carried out using the Statistica software package for Windows, taking into account the small sample size. The presence of lesions of various aetiologies and developmental abnormalities was also recorded.

Scientific novelty. This study is the first to conduct a comprehensive investigation of the morphometric characteristics, lesions of various aetiologies and developmental abnormalities in green frogs of the genus Pelophylax inhabiting the riparian zone of the Desna River within the city of Chernihiv.

Conclusions. Based on morphological characteristics, the green frogs of the genus Pelophylax found in the coastal strip of the Kordivka area in Chernihiv are provisionally classified as belonging to the species Pelophylax ridibundus (Pallas, 1771). Mechanical injuries in the form of scratches and skin lacerations have been observed in individuals from the study population; these may be the result of predator attacks. A condition such as ectromelia is likely to be the result of infection with trematode metacercariae. Ulcers on the skin of the limbs may be caused by infection with the fungus Batrachochytrium dendrobatidis. Digitising and saving the survey route in KML format makes it possible to carry out repeat surveys in the same area. The availability of a geospatial representation of the route enables not only the authors of this study but also other researchers to continue the research.

ANTIMICROBIAL AND ANTICORROSIVE ACTIVITIES OF QUATERNARY QUINOLINIUM AND IMIDAZO[1,2-а] QUINOLINIUM SALTS

2026-07-01T12:48:26+03:00

Purpose of the work. The aim of this study was to investigate the antimicrobial and anticorrosive activities of quaternary quinolinium and imidazo[1,2-a]quinolinium salts under conditions of microbial steel corrosion induced by sulfate-reducing bacteria Desulfovibrio sp.

Methodology. An experimental study of the antimicrobial and anticorrosive activities of quaternary quinolinium and imidazo[1,2-a]quinolinium salts was performed using conventional microbiological and corrosion methods. The biocidal activity of quinolinium and imidazoquinolinium bromide derivatives against strain Desulfovibrio sp. M-4.1 was determined. Furthermore, the inhibitory properties of quaternary imidazo[1,2-a]quinolinium salts under conditions of microbial steel corrosion were investigated. The antimicrobial and anticorrosive activities were evaluated taking into account the molecular structure of the quaternary salts.

Scientific novelty. A comparative study of the antimicrobial properties of a series of quinolinium and imidazo[1,2-a]quinolinium bromide derivatives has been conducted for the first time. The nature and position of the substituents in the phenyl fragment of the molecules of the studied heterocyclic systems significantly affect their antibacterial activity. It has been established that the annulation of the imidazole ring to the quinoline nucleus significantly enhances the antimicrobial and anticorrosive activity of the compounds. Quaternary imidazo[1,2-a]quinolinium salts exhibit simultaneous biocidal and inhibitory effects under conditions of microbial corrosion of steel.

Conclusions. Quaternary quinolinium and imidazo[1,2-a]quinolinium salts exhibit antimicrobial activity against sulfate-reducing bacteria Desulfovibrio sp. The biocidal effect of quinolinium salts is determined by the electronic nature of the substituent in the phenacyl fragment: the introduction of electron-withdrawing groups increases the inhibition of bacteria. Annulation of the imidazole ring to the quinoline nucleus (quaternary imidazo[1,2-a]quinolinium salts) leads to enhanced antimicrobial activity. Quaternary imidazoquinolinium salts exhibit high anticorrosive activity (protective effect is up to 92.4 %). This allows recommending the substances of this series as highly effective inhibitors with biocidal action for protecting steel from microbial corrosion.

TECHNICAL VIABILITY OF UNDERGROUND HYDROGEN STORAGE IN DEPLETED HYDROCARBON RESERVOIRS: A GLOBAL COMPARATIVE ANALYSIS

2026-04-20T06:18:02+03:00

Purpose of the work. This study evaluates the technical viability of underground hydrogen storage (UHS) in depleted hydrocarbon reservoirs, with a particular focus on Central European basin conditions. The work aims to assess whether depleted oil and gas fields can provide large-scale, long-duration hydrogen storage as an alternative to geographically constrained salt cavern systems.

Methodology. The research is based on a structured literature review and comparative analysis of peer-reviewed publications, international energy agency reports, and documented field pilot projects. Data from Europe, North America, Asia, and Australia were collected and standardized, including reservoir depth, porosity, permeability, operating pressure, hydrogen recovery, and deliverability. Where field data were unavailable, validated numerical simulations and analogue reservoir models were used to ensure consistent engineering evaluation.

Scientific novelty. The study provides a unified global comparison of ten underground hydrogen storage projects in depleted reservoirs, integrating geological, engineering, and operational parameters into a single analytical framework. It highlights the scalability and performance consistency of sandstone reservoirs across different regions and demonstrates their suitability as a major long-term hydrogen storage solution, particularly in regions lacking salt cavern geology.

Conclusions. Results confirm that depleted hydrocarbon reservoirs are technically feasible and scalable for hydrogen storage, with typical operating pressures between 140–220 bar and hydrogen recovery exceeding 80 % under controlled conditions. Hydrogen losses due to dissolution and geochemical interactions remain minimal, while microbial effects are site-dependent and manageable. The findings support the role of depleted reservoirs as a key infrastructure component for future low-carbon energy systems, especially in Central Europe where geological conditions are favorable.

ECOLOGICAL ASPECTS OF REVITALISING DEGRADED INDUSTRIAL AREAS IN THE STRUCTURE OF A MODERN CITY

2026-04-29T09:05:57+03:00

Purpose of the work. The study aims to develop a scientifically grounded strategy for the ecological revitalization of degraded industrial areas (brownfields) in the context of Ukraine's post-war recovery, based on the principles of biospheric compatibility and minimization of mixed military-technogenic pollution risks.

Methodology. The research is based on a systematic approach using bibliometric analysis of the global scientific discourse (Scopus and Web of Science databases) via VOSviewer. Methods of environmental monitoring, comparative analysis of hybrid bioremediation technologies, structural-functional modeling of urbo-ecosystems, and the "Source – Pathway – Receptor" (SPR) model were applied to assess cascading environmental risks. The comprehensive combination of these methods has ensured a high degree of objectivity in the assessment and enabled the development of an integrated model for minimising the anthropogenic impact on the environment.

Scientific novelty. For the first time, a specific geochemical profile of Ukrainian brownfields subject to "conflict pollution" (a combination of heavy metals Sb, Cu, Ni with explosive residues TNT, RDX) has been identified. The transition from local technical sanitation to the strategic restoration of ecosystem services through nature-based solutions (NBS) and bioengineering technologies within the city's "green framework" is justified.

Conclusions. It has been established that the key factor in the degradation of industrial areas is the synergistic effect resulting from the combination of traditional industrial pollution and specific military contamination with heavy metals and energy materials, the risks of which have been assessed using the SPR model. It is proven that successful revitalization in post-conflict reconstruction requires an integrated approach combining phytoremediation, biochar application, and green infrastructure development. A four-phase model of territory transformation is proposed, ensuring the conversion of destroyed sites into safe, biosphere-compatible urban systems and facilitating the social rehabilitation of urban spaces.

EFFECT OF GENERAL CLEANING AGENTS ON THE RESISTANCE OF PVC FLOORS USED IN HEALTHCARE AND THE ELECTRONICS INDUSTRY

2026-06-13T08:36:06+03:00

Purpose of the work. The purpose of the thesis was to investigate the effect of various cleaning agents on the electrostatic properties of polyvinyl chloride (PVC) floor coverings, which are widely used in healthcare facilities and the electronics industry. Particular attention was paid to the evaluation of changes in the surface and volume resistance of the coverings after repeated cleaning with agents of different purposes, as well as to determining their compliance with ESD protection requirements.

Methodology. In this study, 7 PVC flooring samples were investigated using three commonly used cleaning agents: Staticide 4010-1, Staticide 4800-1 Ultra II, Staticide 4020-1. Electrical characteristics were measured using an AIJGO-61 digital gigaohmmeter. To evaluate the properties of the coverings, the point-to-point resistance (R_p-p) measurement method and the volume resistance (R_v) determination method were applied. The research was carried out in accordance with the requirements of the international standards IEC 61340-5-1:2024 and ANSI/ESD S20.20:2021. The obtained results were analyzed taking into account the influence of relative humidity and the number of cleaning cycles.

Scientific novelty. For the first time, a comprehensive comparison of the effects of specialized ESD cleaning agents and household cleaning products on the electrostatic characteristics of PVC floor coverings was carried out. The specific features of changes in surface and volume resistance values depending on the type of cleaning agent, the number of cleaning cycles, and air humidity were established. It was shown that the application of the acrylic coating Staticide 4800-1 Ultra II under conditions of low humidity and multiple coating layers may lead to resistance values approaching the maximum permissible limits. The specific effects of household cleaning products and ethanol on the electrostatic properties of PVC flooring were also determined.

Conclusions. The results of the study showed that Staticide 4020-1 Neutral Cleaner Concentrate provided the most stable surface and volume resistance values. The use of Staticide 4010-1 resulted in a gradual increase in resistance values after repeated cleaning cycles. Overall, none of the tested cleaning agents caused the resistance values to exceed the specified standard limits during the short-term tests. The obtained results indicate the need for further research to assess the long-term effects of cleaning agents on the electrostatic properties of ESD flooring.

STUDY OF THE INFLUENCE OF CULTIVATION CONDITIONS OF TRAMETES HIRSUTA IBK 1569 FOR OBTAINING PECTINESTERASE AS PART OF THE PECTINOLYTIC COMPLEX

2026-06-22T20:14:09+03:00

Aim of the study. To investigate the conditions for the biosynthesis of pectinesterase by the Trametes hirsuta strain IBK 1569 under submerged culture conditions.

Methodology. The effects of cultivation duration, lignocellulosic waste as a carbon source, its concentration and particle size, nitrogen source and concentration, initial medium pH, stirring rate and inoculum quantity on pectinesterase activity in the culture broth of T. hirsuta IBK 1569 were investigated. Enzyme activity was determined titrimetrically.

Scientific novelty. The peculiarities of the influence of the main parameters of deep cultivation on the synthesis of pectinesterase Trametes hirsuta IBK 1569 were established. The highest numerical value of PEA was recorded on the 9th day of cultivation, after which a tendency to its decrease was observed. Among the studied lignocellulosic wastes, the most effective source of carbon was beet pulp, while tangerine peels provided a statistically similar level of activity. The most favorable concentration of beet pulp was 10 g/dm³. The maximum numerical value of PEA was obtained for beet pulp particles with a size of 3–5 mm, however, no statistically significant differences were established in the range of 1–7 mm. High activity values were provided by urea, ammonium salts, potassium nitrate and peptone; for ammonium sulfate, the most favorable concentration was 1.5 g/dm³. The most favorable initial pH value was 6.0. A numerical decrease in PEA was observed already at 140 rpm, while at speeds of 160 rpm and above the activity was statistically significantly lower. The amount of seed material in the range of 2.5–10 % did not significantly affect PEA.

Conclusions. The results obtained demonstrate the feasibility of using beet pulp for the biosynthesis of pectinesterase by T. hirsuta IBK 1569 and may be utilised to optimise biotechnological processes for the production of pectinolytic enzymes.

STUDY OF BLACK CURRANT JUICE FERMENTATION PROCESS BY LACTOBACILLUS PLANTARUM LP-115

2026-07-23T18:31:25+03:00

Purpose of the work. To investigate the characteristics of the lactic acid fermentation of blackcurrant juice by the Lactobacillus plantarum LP-115 culture through the evaluation of the dynamics of physicochemical, microbiological, and biochemical parameters in order to determine the features of its course and substantiate the prospects for using the culture in the fermentation of fruit and berry raw materials.

Methodology. The fermentation process of blackcurrant juice by L. plantarum LP-115 culture was investigated under static microaerophilic conditions. During fermentation, the dynamics of active and titrated acidity, viable cell counts, soluble sugar content, and antioxidant activity were evaluated. Active and titratable acidity were determined using potentiometric and titrimetric methods, viable cell counts were enumerated by the serial decimal dilutions followed by surface plating on a culture medium, soluble sugar content was measured refractometrically; and antioxidant activity was determined spectrophotometrically using the DPPH assay. Relationships among the studied parameters were analyzed using principal component analysis (PCA).

Scientific novelty. Based on the integrated analysis of physicochemical, microbiological, and biochemical parameters and the principal component analysis, the patterns of blackcurrant juice fermentation process and the relationships among its key indicators were established. The prospects of L. plantarum LP-115 for the fermentation of fruit and berry raw materials was confirmed.

Conclusions. It was established that during fermentation, with the most intensive metabolic activity occurring between 12 and 24 h, the viable cell count of L. plantarum LP-115 increased by 2.29 log CFU/mL. Active growth of the culture was accompanied by the predominant consumption of glucose (a decrease of 54.3 %) compared to fructose (by 40.3 %), intensive acid formation with a decrease in pH to 2.88, an increase in titrated acidity to 70.2 °T and an increase in the antioxidant activity of the fermented base from 42.5 to 70.6 % due to microbial biotransformation of blackcurrant phenolic compounds.

The study confirmed the suitability of L. plantarum LP-115 for the fermentation of blackcurrant juice, as evidenced by intensive organic acid production, active culture growth, soluble sugar consumption, and increased antioxidant activity. The most intensive phase of the fermentation process occurred between 12 and 24 h, supporting the recommendation of 24 h as the optimal fermentation time under the studied conditions.

THE GEOGRAPHICAL STRUCTURE AND ECONOMIC ASSESSMENT OF ADVENTIVE SPECIES IN THE URBAN FLORA OF IVANO-FRANKIVSK

2026-05-29T19:15:46+03:00

Purpose of the work. To determine the geographical structure of adventive species within the urban flora of Ivano-Frankivsk and to assess their economic significance.

Methodology. The study of the adventive fraction of the urban flora of Ivano-Frankivsk was conducted using the conventional route-survey method during 2020–2024. The nomenclature of species was standardized according to the data of the encyclopedic Internet resource Plants of the World Online (POWO, 2025). The geographical analysis of adventive species was performed in accordance with generally accepted approaches and contemporary concepts in floristic geography. The economic assessment of adventive species was based on a synthesis and critical analysis of published literature data concerning their practical uses and economic importance.

Scientific novelty. For the first time, the geographical structure of adventive species of Ivano-Frankivsk urban flora has been comprehensively analyzed in conjunction with an assessment of their economic significance. The integration of these approaches provides a holistic characterization of the role of adventive plants in urban ecosystem functioning, reveals their resource potential, and identifies possible environmental and public health risks associated with their occurrence and spread.

Conclusions. The geographical analysis of adventive species of Ivano-Frankivsk urban flora revealed 22 distribution range types. Among them, the cosmopolitan range was the most prevalent, comprising 54 species (26,7 % of the total number of species), followed by the Holarctic range with 44 species (21,7 %) and the hemicosmopolitan range with 31 species (15,3 %). A dominant contribution of the polyregional group of distribution ranges was identified, indicating the globalized character of the flora and its high ecological plasticity. The economic assessment of adventive species within the studied urban flora revealed a combination of considerable economic value, including medicinal, forage, and ornamental plants, alongside ecological risks associated with the presence of weeds and toxic species. At the same time, certain species pose significant risks to public health, particularly Ambrosia artemisiifolia L. and Heracleum sosnowskyi Manden. The integrated approach applied in this study not only provides insights into the current state of the urban flora but also serves as a basis for developing practical recommendations for urban green space management and the conservation of biodiversity within the urban environment.

AGROBIOLOGICAL POTENTIAL OF GENOTYPE OF AGASTACHE FOENICULUM (PURSH) KUNTZE) AND OTHER GENUS SPECIES AGASTACHE L. IN THE FORMATION OF STABLE AGROPHYTOCENOSES

2026-06-10T11:33:07+03:00

Purpose of the work. The purpose of the study was to carry out a comprehensive agrobiological assessment of new genotypes of the genus Agastache under the agroclimatic conditions of the Carpathian region and to determine their suitability for the formation of stable agrophytocenoses.

Methodology. The research was conducted during the 2021–2025 growing seasons in the collection and introduction nursery of the Institute of Agricultural Resources and Regional Development of NAAS. The studied material included domestic varieties, local breeding lines LAM-1 and LAM-2, and introduced decorative genotypes of the genus Agastache. The analysis combined phenological observations, evaluation of interphase periods, assessment of productivity, and calculation of Selyaninov’s hydrothermal coefficient, relative developmental rate (V), and intensity index (I).

Scientific novelty. The study substantiates the differentiation of Agastache genotypes according to their ontogenetic strategies under increasing hydrothermal stress. It was established that the 2021–2025 period was characterized by a pronounced tendency toward aridization, with critically low values of the hydrothermal coefficient in individual months. On this basis, the studied samples were divided into intensive, moderate, and extensive developmental types.

Conclusions. Black Adder showed the highest intensity of development (I=108.6 %) and can be regarded as a genotype with a strategy of drought avoidance due to the accelerated passage of phenological phases. The variety Leleka and the new breeding lines LAM-1 and LAM-2 formed a moderate group (I=89.8–91.7 %) with a balanced rhythm of ontogenesis, high biological reliability, and good adaptation to the local growing season. The genotypes Alabaster, Apache Sunset, and Tangerine Dream belonged to the extensive group and were characterized by prolonged vegetative development and higher dependence on moisture availability. The obtained results indicate that LAM-1 and LAM-2 are promising genetic resources for breeding and for modeling stable agrophytocenoses of essential oil and medicinal plants under changing climate conditions.

PHYTOSOZOLOGICAL VALUE OF A SECTION OF THE VZDVYZHA RIVER AS A POTENTIAL NATURE CONSERVATION SITE

2026-06-30T21:55:36+03:00

Purpose of the work. The purpose of the work is a scientific and ecological substantiation of the efficiency of expanding the local ecological network of the Chernihiv region by establishing a new object of the nature reserve fund – the botanical reserve of local importance «Petrovi Plavni». The study is aimed at determining the sozological value of the macrophyte flora in the small Vzdvyzha river valley, establishing the conservation degree of natural complexes.

Methodology. The study was based on the analysis of scientific information sources and long-term field investigations conducted by the authors using the method of route-floristic and phytocoenotic surveys of the Vzdvyzha river channel and floodplain. As the main criterion for determining the boundaries and nature conservation value of the project, we chose the presence of stable populations of rare and vulnerable plant species, as well as coenoses included in the state protection lists.

Scientific novelty. For the first time, a comprehensive analysis of the ecological potential of coastal-water ecosystems in the middle and lower reaches of the Vzdvyzha river within the Ivanivka territorial community of the Chernihiv region was carried out based on the generalization of rarity phytodiversity. Within the framework of the research, a new locality of the vulnerable species of the Red Data Book of Ukraine Dactylorhiza incarnata (L.) Soó was discovered and documented, the state of the Comarum palustre L. coenopopulation was assessed, and the presence of three plant formations from the Green Data Book of Ukraine was verified. Of particular value is the substantiation of preventive measures for the protection of hydrophilic ecotopes, which allows considering the results of the work as a practical basis for expanding the regional nature reserve fund network, conducting ecological monitoring, and making decisions in the field of sustainable nature management and biosecurity conservation of small Polesie rivers.

Conclusions. A stable floristic core of macrophytes was identified in the floodplain complexes of the studied section of the Vzdvyzha river, with the communities of the formations Nuphareta luteae, Nymphaeeta albae, and Nymphaeeta candidae having the highest sozological weight. Field observations confirm that despite their fragmentation, these coenoses maintain a high recovery potential, but face risks due to hydrological regime disruption. The discovered locality of Dactylorhiza incarnata (15 individuals) and the growth area of Comarum palustre (20 m²) indicate the need for reservation of these territories. It is necessary to establish the «Petrovi Plavni» botanical reserve with an approximate area of 125 hectares to ensure control over the hydrological regime and preventive protection of the rare gene pool.

GIS-BASED MAPPING OF VEGETATION COVER IN CHERNIHIV’S GREEN INFRASTRUCTURE

2026-07-16T22:05:40+03:00

Purpose of the work. To map the vegetation cover of the structural elements of Chernihiv city’s green infrastructure (GI) network using geographic information systems, with a syntaxonomic characterization of the identified plant communities.

Methodology. Is based on the integration of three components: automated land-cover classification using the Random Forest algorithm in the Google Earth Engine cloud platform, based on median Sentinel-2 composites (summer and spring, 2020 and 2024), NDVI/EVI/LAI vegetation indices and SRTM terrain parameters; field geobotanical relevés using the Braun-Blanquet method at key network sites; and expert syntaxonomic interpretation of the mapped polygons in QGIS. Classification accuracy was assessed on an independent validation sample (n = 578).

Scientific novelty. Lies in the fact that, for the first time for a Ukrainian city, remote-sensing-based GIS mapping was integrated with syntaxonomic attribution of vegetation at the class and association level (Braun-Blanquet approach) within a coherent GI network model (first- and second-order cores, connecting corridors); it was established that the spatial configuration of syntaxa is strongly determined by the city's geomorphological structure, and that the digital elevation model proved to be the most important predictive feature of the classification model, outranking spectral bands and vegetation indices.

Conclusions. The land-cover classification achieved an Overall Accuracy of 95.85 % (Kappa = 0.942). The Chernihiv GI network comprises 12 structural elements (five first-order cores, three second-order cores, three connecting corridors, and one specialized techno-memorial node – the "Yatsevo" necropolis) with a total area of 1397.1 ha, within which eight vegetation types were identified. The pine-forest (Podusivskyi forest, Yalivshchyna) and floodplain (Kordivka) cores are the most intact, together accounting for almost 78 % of the network area, whereas connecting corridors and the "Yatsevo" necropolis show the highest degree of fragmentation and the lowest vegetation index values (edge density up to 1192 m/ha, NDVI as low as 0.527) and require priority ecological optimization measures.

RARE VASCULAR PLANT SPECIES OF INTERNATIONAL, NATIONAL AND REGIONAL CONSERVATION SIGNIFICANCE IN THE FLORA OF THE LOWER DNIPRO REGION WITHIN THE ZONE OF CATASTROPHIC FLOODING CAUSED BY THE DESTRUCTION OF THE KAKHOVKA HYDROELECTRIC POWER

2026-06-30T22:24:53+03:00

Purpose of the work. To conduct an inventory of the rare phytogene pool of vascular plants of international, national and regional conservation importance within the area affected by the catastrophic flooding of the Lower Dnipro caused by the destruction of the Kakhovka Hydroelectric Power Plant.t.

Methodology. Floristic surveys of the Lower Dnipro region were carried out during the period from 2014 to 2021. The object of the study was the natural vascular plant flora and its rare component of national, regional and international conservation importance, the populations of which suffered damage as a result of the ecocide. A sozological analysis of the flora was conducted using the current conservation inventories and databases at the national, regional and international levels. The nomenclature and taxonomic circumscription of vascular plant taxa follow Plants of the World Online (2026) and the nomenclatural checklist of Mosyakin & Fedoronchuk (1999).

Scientific novelty. A comprehensive sozological analysis of the rare component of the flora within the catastrophic flood zone of the Lower Dnipro region was carried out. For the first time, the taxonomic composition and conservation status of the rare component of the flora within the ecological disaster zone were established. The representation of rare plant taxa in conservation inventories at the national, regional and international levels was assessed, and their rarity categories and sozological significance were determined.

Conclusions. It was established that the flora of the Lower Dnieper region, which represents the only surviving reference site of the natural channel and the Dnieper delta with preserved phytobiotic diversity, includes 549 species of vascular plants in the ecocide zone alone, of which 439 belong to the aboriginal fraction and 110 to the adventive fraction. Its rare component of the international, national and regional levels of the ecocide zone caused by the catastrophic flood includes 53 species of vascular plants, which is 12.1 % of the species composition of the aboriginal flora. Within the catastrophic flood zone, 199 species of vascular plants were identified, represented in official and recommendatory international nature protection documents and databases, of which only 25 aboriginal species have an official legal international status, which is confirmed by the national and regional level of protection. The remaining 174 species with LC and DD categories in the flora of Ukraine are not a priority for protection. Among the sozophytes of the international level, 4 species are included in official international nature protection documents, in particular, in the List of species approved by Resolution No. 6 of the Standing Committee of the Bern Convention and Annex II to Council Directive 92/43/EEC (Aldrovanda vesiculosa) and CITES (Anacamptis palustris, Dactylorhiza incarnata, Epipactis palustris). Sozophytes of the national level of protection in the flood zone are represented by 23 species, 13 of which are in the vulnerable category, 6 - unvalued, 4 - rare, and the regional level of protection includes 26 plant species. The rare component is represented mainly by polycarpic herbaceous plants confined to aquatic, coastal-aquatic, meadow, steppe and psammophyte complexes, which were most affected by the catastrophic flood.

SPATIAL-SEASONAL DYNAMICS OF THE RIPARIAN ALGAL FLORA STRUCTURE IN THE AREA OF THE SEDNIV HPP IMPACT ON THE SNOV RIVER: PILOT STUDY

2026-07-13T13:32:54+03:00

Purpose of the work is to establish the features of seasonal transformation of the generic composition and abundance of algal communities of the Snov River in the zone of the Sedniv HPP impact.

Methodology. Material was collected in November 2024 and March 2025 in the HPP tailwaters in shallow waters (up to 0.5 m) within macrophyte communities. Samples were formed by combining 6 local samples. Laboratory processing was performed using light microscopy The frequency of occurrence of taxa was determined using a 4-point scale.

Scientific novelty. For the first time for small rivers of Polesie, the spatial-seasonal restructuring of the algal flora under flow regulation by a small HPP was detailed.

Conclusions. The channel dam of the HPP on the Snov River acts as a powerful ecological and hydrodynamic barrier for the development of microphytobenthos, the effect of which is most clearly manifested in the autumn period. Slowing down the current and water support to the HPP contribute to the eutrophication of shallow waters, the formation of phytocoenoses of the Glycerietum maximae association and the massive development of filamentous green (Zygnema, Ulothrix) and desmid algae. The hydrodynamic regime after the HPP (transitional flow, elimination of silt) leads to a twofold depletion of the algal flora, destruction of filamentous mats and leaves viable only a stable core of attached diatoms (Navicula, Gomphonema) in communities of the Caricetum ripariae association. In the early spring period, the flow factor of spring floods and low temperatures level the spatial differences caused by the HPP, shifting the phytobenthos of both areas into a depressed state dominated by cryophilic diatoms. It is substantiated that to establish accurate cause-and-effect ecological patterns in the zone of the HPP impact, future studies require transition from point scales to absolute quantitative indicators (algal abundance and biomass) with the involvement of a detailed hydrochemical analysis (nutrients and dissolved oxygen). This will allow the use of multivariate statistical analysis methods to build mathematical models and precise mathematical proof of the degree of hydrodynamic and chemical factors influence on the Snov River algal communities.