Biota. Human. Technology

COMPLEX DISPOSAL OF FRUIT AND VEGETABLE WASTE USING METHANE FERMENTATION

2026-01-08T13:30:34+02:00

Purpose of the work. Research into methane fermentation of fruit and vegetable production waste, which has three main aspects: waste elimination (ecological), obtaining alternative fuel – biogas (bioenergy), and plant growth biostimulant – digestate (renewable agriculture).

Methodology. Research on methane fermentation of fruit and vegetable production waste in mesophilic conditions in a periodic mode was conducted. Laboratory installations were used: methane tank, water gasholder. The intensity of gas generation, qualitative composition of biogas were determined. Fermentation indicators were determined using standard methods in the laboratory of the Department of Ecology and Ecomanagement of the NUFT. The stimulating effect of digestate solution on ryegrass seeds was studied.

Scientific novelty. It has been found that fruit and vegetable waste is an available substrate for methane fermentation in a periodic mode (mesophilic conditions). This produces biogas with a high methane content, making it a valuable alternative fuel. The possibility of using a digestate solution for biostimulation of lawn grass seeds (ryegrass), which is important for the development of renewable agriculture, has been investigated.

Conclusions. Methane fermentation of technological waste of a fruit and vegetable enterprise makes it possible to comprehensively solve several problems: environmental, energy and agricultural.

In the process of methane fermentation, this type of waste is completely eliminated. Moreover, biogas with a high methane content is formed, which makes it a high-quality alternative energy resource. A significant intensity of gas generation was recorded; per 1 kg of dry waste, the total biogas yield was 320 dm³. And the content of the combustible component – methane – reached 60–62 %.

Another product of methane fermentation of fruit and vegetable waste, namely digestate, is promising for plant biostimulation, which is a modern direction of renewable agriculture. Biostimulated seeds were characterized by accelerated growth of roots and shoots by 21–28 % and 22–31 %, respectively. Germination energy increased by 20.4 % compared to the control.

QUALITY OF GROUNDWATER INTAKES OF VILLAGES NIZHYN DISTRICT (CHERNIGIV REGION)

2026-01-27T17:06:07+02:00

The study examined groundwater intakes in the villages of Dmitrivka, Kozatske, Kropyvne, Kobizhcha, Makiyivka, and Markivtsi in the Nizhyn district of the Chernihiv region. Water samples for research were collected in the autumn of 2024 and 2025 (water intake depth 100-140 meters).

Purpose of the work. To study the composition of water from water intakes in settlements of the Nizhyn district of the Chernihiv region, to determine compliance with regulatory indicators for a scientifically sound solution to the problem of providing the population with high-quality drinking water.

Methodology. Organoleptic (smell, color, turbidity), basic physicochemical (pH, total hardness, total alkalinity, dry residue), and microbiological (total microbial count, presence of E. coli and enterococci) indicators of water samples were determined using generally accepted methods. The concentration of cations (Ca²⁺, Mg²⁺, Fe²⁺ and Fe³⁺, Mn²⁺, Zn²⁺, Cu²⁺, Al³⁺, Mo²⁺, Na⁺ and K⁺, NH₄⁺) and anions (HCO₃^-, F^-, SO₄^2-, Cl^-, NO₂^-, NO₃^-, PO₄^3-) was also determined. The results obtained were compared with the normative values, in particular DSanPin 2.2.4-171-10.

The scientific novelty lies in conducting a thorough analysis of groundwater intakes in the settlements of the Nizhyn district of the Chernihiv region.

Conclusions. To solve the problem of providing the population of the Nizhyn district of the Chernihiv region with high-quality drinking water that is transparent, not cloudy, not colored, with good organoleptic characteristics, corresponding to current standards for physical, chemical, and microbiological indicators, and does not have a negative impact on the nervous and mental state of humans, and is beneficial to consume, it is necessary to conduct a more detailed study of the composition of the water, constant expanded monitoring, and the use of modern water treatment technologies that take into account the peculiarities of its composition. In this case, an individual approach should be applied as the most suitable technical solution, since the water from water intakes has a unique chemical profile.

OPTIMIZATION OF ROAD TRANSPORTATION OF PETROLEUM PRODUCTS ACCORDING TO ENVIRONMENTAL CRITERIA

2026-02-10T18:33:35+02:00

Purpose of the work. The study addresses the problem of cargo volume allocation and the identification of the most environmentally efficient routes, taking into account the throughput capacity of railway loading stations and the minimum demand of each destination settlement. The risks associated with martial law conditions were considered, particularly the need to eliminate or minimize the accumulation of petroleum products at intermediate stages of transportation. The transported cargo is motor gasoline.

Methodology. The research is based on a systemic approach to the environmental and energy analysis of hazardous goods transportation by road and combines mathematical modeling with optimization methods. A linear programming transportation problem model is applied, enabling the optimization of cargo flow distribution between origin and destination points according to the criterion of minimizing pollutant emissions. The calculations were performed using engineering computation software, ensuring the reproducibility of results and allowing the model to be adapted to various operating conditions of road transport.

Scientific novelty. The scientific novelty of the study lies in improving the approach to assessing the environmental performance of hazardous goods transportation by road through the consideration of specific energy consumption for a particular transportation route, rather than using averaged indicators by direction or transport type. The proposed petroleum products supply model allows for a comprehensive assessment of the environmental impact of road transport while accounting for the specific risks associated with martial law conditions in Ukraine. Unlike existing approaches, the model is oriented toward practical application in planning real transport and logistics operations and can be adapted to different types of hazardous cargo and transportation conditions.

Conclusions. The results of the study demonstrate that the assessment of the environmental performance of road transportation should be based on specific energy consumption along the entire transportation route, which provides more objective results compared to the use of average statistical indicators. The proposed model makes it possible to identify environmentally justified routes for hazardous goods transportation by road, taking into account real vehicle operating conditions. Practical implementation of the developed approach contributes to reducing the negative environmental impact of road transport through the optimization of transport and logistics decisions. The obtained results can be used in further scientific research aimed at improving the environmental safety of transport systems.

GROWTH AND SEXUAL DIMORPHISM OF CRANIOMETRIC MEASUREMENTS OF THE RED FOX (VULPES VULPES L.) IN TRANSCARPATHIA

2026-03-18T20:41:40+02:00

Purpose of the work. This study investigates sexual dimorphism in the red fox (Vulpes vulpes) population of Zakarpattia based on the analysis of 75 skulls from the Zoological Museum of Uzhhorod National University. To address existing gaps in knowledge, 26 cranial measurements were evaluated with consideration of both age and sex. This approach enabled the assessment of growth dynamics, the characterization of morphological variation, and the identification of key features of sexual dimorphism within the population. The results provide baseline data for future studies and contribute to a broader understanding of intraspecific variation across the species’ range.

Methodology. Craniometric traits were analyzed across different sexes and age groups. Statistical analyses were conducted using SPSS, PAST, and MS Excel. Both univariate and multivariate analyses of variance (ANOVA) were applied, revealing significant differences between sexes and among age groups. Additionally, Principal Component Analysis (PCA) was performed to identify the measurements contributing most to overall variation.

Scientific novelty. The study provides essential morphometric baseline data for red foxes in a poorly studied region and improves understanding of intraspecific variability. The findings emphasize the combined influence of growth patterns, sexual selection, and ecological factors in shaping cranial sexual dimorphism.

Conclusions. Cranial growth was most pronounced up to 5–6 months of age, followed by a slowdown and occasional negative increments. The results suggest that sexual dimorphism in this population is primarily shaped by sexual selection and male–male competition, with larger males potentially having a reproductive advantage. At the same time, environmental constraints, particularly food availability, may limit excessive body size, leading to an optimal size range shared by both sexes. Size-related niche differentiation may further reduce intraspecific competition.

BIOCHEMICAL MARKERS OF TOXIC LOAD AND ADAPTATIVE REACTIONS OF POND FISH TO MYCOTOXINS

2026-02-09T06:35:39+02:00

Mycotoxins, as secondary metabolites of micromycetes, are among the most dangerous biological contaminants of feed raw materials and compound feeds for fish. In pond aquaculture systems, their impact is associated with disturbances of metabolic homeostasis in hydrobionts, reduced productivity, and the formation of biosafety risks. Aflatoxin B1 and T-2 toxin are considered particularly hazardous for fish due to their pronounced hepatotoxic, genotoxic, and pro-oxidant effects. In this context, the identification of informative biochemical markers that allow assessment of toxic load and adaptive responses in fish organisms under mycotoxicosis conditions is of significant relevance.
Purpose of the work. The aim of the study was to identify informative biochemical markers of toxic load and adaptive responses in pond fish exposed to mycotoxins, specifically aflatoxin B1 and T-2 toxin, through the analysis of changes in energy metabolism indicators, lipid peroxidation intensity, and metabolic processes in tissues of fish of different species and ages.
Methodology. The study was based on experimental modeling of mycotoxic exposure in scaly carp (Cyprinus carpio Linnaeus, 1758) and crucian carp (Carassius carassius Linnaeus, 1758) of different age groups. The effects of aflatoxin B1 and T-2 toxin were investigated at concentrations corresponding to two maximum permissible levels. The state of energy metabolism was assessed by determining the content of adenylate nucleotides (ATP, ADP, AMP), adenylate energy charge, and indicators of the adenylate kinase reaction. The intensity of lipid peroxidation was evaluated by measuring thiobarbituric acid-reactive substances. Metabolic processes were analyzed using indicators of phosphate and energy metabolism in fish tissues.
Scientific novelty. The scientific novelty of this study lies in a comprehensive approach to evaluating biochemical markers of mycotoxic load with consideration of fish species and age. For the first time, the relationship between disturbances in nucleic acid metabolism, activation of lipid peroxidation, and adaptive restructuring of energy metabolism in cyprinid fish under the action of aflatoxin B1 and T-2 toxin has been demonstrated. Interspecific and age-related differences in fish sensitivity to mycotoxic exposure were established.
Conclusions. It was found that exposure to aflatoxin B1 and T-2 toxin leads to a decrease in ATP content, an increase in ADP and AMP concentrations, a reduction in adenylate energy charge, and activation of lipid peroxidation in fish tissues. The detected changes exhibit both destructive and adaptive characteristics and reflect metabolic stress under toxic conditions. Crucian carp and young-of-the-year fish were shown to be more sensitive to mycotoxin exposure compared to scaly carp and older age groups. The obtained results confirm the feasibility of using indicators of nucleic acid metabolism, lipid peroxidation intensity, and metabolic shifts as informative biochemical markers of toxic load and adaptive responses in pond fish within aquaculture systems.

SEASONAL DYNAMICS OF ULMUS PUMILA L. PHENOPHASES IN THE PROTECTIVE STANDS OF CHERNIHIV (2023–2025)

2026-02-09T20:56:42+02:00

Purpose of the work. To investigate the characteristics of the phenological phase progression of the invasive species Ulmus pumila L. in the urbanized environment of Chernihiv city during 2023–2025, and to determine the sequence and duration of phenological phases and subphases.

Methodology. Phenological observations of U. pumila were conducted during 2023–2025 in accordance with the methodology developed by I. Beideman, aiming to study the seasonal developmental patterns of the species. In the spring period, observations were carried out at 1–2 day intervals, which allowed detailed recording of the onset and course of the main phenological phases. During the summer and autumn periods, observations were conducted twice a week. All data were systematically recorded in a field observation log. In parallel, air temperature parameters were recorded, which made it possible to assess the influence of thermal conditions on the progression of the species’ phenological phases.

Scientific novelty. The results of a three-year phenological monitoring of U. pumila under the conditions of the urbanized environment of Chernihiv city are presented. Interannual dynamics of the timing of the main phenological phases and subphases were determined, and a tendency toward prolongation of the vegetation period was identified. Temperature ranges for the occurrence of key phenophases were substantiated, and the dependence of their onset on mean daily air temperature was confirmed, which refines regional features of the seasonal development of the species under urban microclimatic conditions.

Conclusions. The results of three-year phenological observations indicate that U. pumila in the urban environment of Chernihiv is characterized by an early start of vegetation at low average daily temperatures, a stable rhythm of development and a tendency to an extended vegetation period (239–267 days). The results obtained indicate that the ecologically plastic, invasively dangerous species U. pumila in the system of protective plantings of the city of Chernihiv is able to successfully undergo a full cycle of seasonal development under a wide range of temperature conditions. The identified phenological features may be one of the prerequisites for its stable functioning and further distribution in the region, which justifies the feasibility of further monitoring of the phenological characteristics of the species within the Chernihiv Polesie region, in particular outside urban ecosystems.

CHANGES IN SELECTED LIPID METABOLISM PARAMETERS AND ALKALINE PHOSPHATASE ACTIVITY IN COMMON CARP (CYPRINUS CARPIO L.) UNDER COMBINED EXPOSURE TO HERBICIDES AND ZINC SALTS

2026-03-02T19:38:41+02:00

One of the main pathways by which herbicides enter aquatic ecosystems is their intensive use in agriculture, which, in turn, may lead to interactions with other anthropogenic pollutants, particularly heavy metals. Therefore, the study of the combined effects of xenobiotics on aquatic organisms, as sensitive indicators of the ecotoxicological status of water bodies, is highly relevant, as such interactions may be reflected in changes in biochemical markers of metabolism.

Purpose of the work. was to assess the combined effects of the herbicides Zencor, Roundup, and 2,4-D and zinc salts on the content of total lipids, phospholipids, and alkaline phosphatase activity in the tissues of common carp (Cyprinus carpio L.).

Methodology. The study was conducted under laboratory experimental conditions using environmentally relevant concentrations of herbicides and zinc. The content of total lipids and phospholipids, as well as alkaline phosphatase activity, was determined in blood, muscle, gills, liver, and brain tissues using standard biochemical methods. Statistical processing of the obtained results was carried out by methods of variational statistics using the Statistica 10.0 software package. The assessment of the reliability of differences between the control and experimental groups was carried out using the Student's criterion (t-test).

Scientific novelty. of the study lies in the identification of tissue-specific features of changes in lipid metabolism and enzymatic activity in common carp under combined exposure to herbicides and zinc, as well as in revealing the modifying role of zinc in the manifestation of herbicide toxicity.

Conclusions. It was established that the combined exposure to herbicides and zinc leads to disturbances in lipid homeostasis, destabilization of membrane structures, and changes in alkaline phosphatase activity, which exhibit a pronounced tissue-specific pattern. The obtained results indicate the systemic nature of biochemical process disturbances and confirm the feasibility of using lipid metabolism indicators and alkaline phosphatase activity as biochemical markers of combined anthropogenic impact.

THE CHRONIC EFFECTS OF THE HEAVY METALS ON REPRODUCTIVE SYSTEM AND FERTILITY OF POECILIA RETICULATA

2026-03-02T13:47:11+02:00

Purpose of the work. The study aims to research the impact of the heavy metals (Cu, Zn, Cd, and their mixtures) in concentrations that exceed the fish farming MPC by 20, 1.3, and 1.5 times, respectively, and are the background for some waters of the Prydniproviia region on the reproductive system and fertility of guppies (Poecilia reticulata). To determine histomorphological changes in the gonads under the chronic action of the heavy metals.

Methodology. Model experiments with the guppy were conducted for 92 days in aerated aquariums with a volume of 5 liters. Water pollution in experimental aquariums was simulated by adding substances to the final concentrations: copper 0.02 mg/dm³, cadmium 0.0075 mg/dm³, zinc 0.013 mg/dm³, and a mixture of heavy metals. The control aquarium was filled with dechlorinated tap water. At the end of the experiment, morphophysiological studies of the fish were conducted. Histological analysis of the gonads was carried out according to generally accepted methods. Photofixation of the histological preparations was done at a magnification of 400× using a SIGETA M3 CMOS 25000 digital camera connected to a Ulab XY-B2TLED microscope.

Scientific novelty. Given the lack of information on the chronic effects of metals and their mixtures on the reproductive system of fish, there is a need to conduct model experiments. Under conditions of chronic exposure to Cd, Cu, Zn ions, and their mixtures in concentrations exceeding the fishery MPC, several pathomorphological changes were detected in the gonads of the guppy. In particular, the destruction of the membranes of oocytes and the yolk sac, lipid vacuolization of the cytoplasm of egg cells, as well as disruption of the integrity of the membranes of testes, degradation of their structure, and expansion of the interstitial space were found. Taken together, these changes led to a reduction in fertility or a complete lack of birth rates.

Conclusions. Chronic exposure to heavy metal ions for 92 days has led to a significant decrease in the fertility of the experimental fish. A common pathology was disruption of the integrity of the membranes of oocytes and intense lipid vacuolization of the cytoplasm. In the testes, structural abnormalities, a decrease in the number of mature spermatozoa, and condensation of spermatids (under the influence of cadmium) were detected, which may be a consequence of delayed maturation.

DEVELOPMENT OF SILVER–SNAIL MUCUS NANOSYSTEM AND ITS INCORPORATION INTO A MULTIFUNCTIONAL BURN-HEALING CREAM-GEL

2025-11-22T08:46:06+02:00

In recent years, nanotechnology, nanomaterials have been increasingly integrated into dermatological and cosmetic formulations.

Purpose of the work. To develop a silver nanosystem through an eco-friendly one-step reduction of silver nitrate using lyophilized Cornu aspersum mucus as a natural reducing and stabilizing agent, and to incorporate the obtained nanosystem into a multifunctional burn-healing cream-gel.

Methodology. The AgNPs–mucus nanosystem was synthesized by mixing aqueous solutions of silver nitrate and mucus reconstituted in water under stirring at 37–40 °C for 1.5 h, followed by incubation at room temperature under natural light for 48 h. The formation of metal nanoparticles was confirmed by the visual color shift and spectroscopically with the detection of SPR peak at 450 nm. Antimicrobial activity was assessed by the agar disk diffusion method against test strains E. coli, B. subtilis, and C. albicans. The obtained nanosystem was incorporated into a cream-gel base formulated with dexpanthenol, allantoin, lidocaine, and vitamin E, and a detailed technological flow scheme for the manufacturing process was developed

Scientific novelty. C. aspersum mucus was employed as a dual-function biogenic agent, enabling green synthesis and stabilization of silver nanoparticles, which were further utilized as an active component of a burn-healing cream-gel. The resulting cream-gel combines the antimicrobial, antioxidant, and regenerative effects of snail mucus with the well-known antibacterial activity of nanosilver.

Conclusions. The developed AgNPs-mucilage system demonstrated high antimicrobial efficacy, especially against Gram-positive bacteria and pathogenic dredges, and the gel composition has stability and skin-protective properties, making it suitable for the treatment of burns.

SANITARY-HYGIENIC, CLINICAL-IMMUNOLOGICAL AND ENVIRONMENTAL RISKS OF WET WIPES IN PUBLIC HEALTH CONTEXT

2026-01-24T14:57:14+02:00

The aim of the study was to review the literature on the biomedical and environmental risks associated with the use of wet wipes in the context of public health.
Methodology. This study included a bibliometric study to examine the global dynamics of research on wet wipes. Relevant publications were retrieved from two major bibliographic databases: Scopus and the Science Citation Index Expanded (SCI-Expanded) in the Web of Science (WoS). The study of bibliometric relationships was conducted using VOSviewer (version 1.6.20). Along with the bibliometric analysis, a review of a wide range of publicly available online sources covering relevant issues was conducted.
Scientific novelty. It is shown that the quality of wet wipes and their consumption by the population can determine such indicators of population health as environmental, medical and sanitary, social and behavioral. The article systematically presents information on various aspects of the issue of biomedical and environmental risks of both new and used wet wipes, including their sanitary-hygienic, clinical-immunological and environmental characteristics, as well as social aspects in the context of public health. The primary focus is on pathogenic indicator microorganisms as potential threats to human health, as well as the environmental issues arising from pollution caused by this hygiene product.
Conclusions. Based on a bibliometric review of the literature and available studies, the human health and environmental risks linked to wet wipe use were thoroughly analyzed. In general, the quality of wet wipes and their consumption by the population can determine such public health indicators as environmental, medical and sanitary, social and behavioural. Microbiological and environmental parameters that determine the safety of wet wipes for public health have become the subject of comprehensive scientific analysis. The study emphasizes pathogenic indicator microorganisms as potential health hazards and considers the environmental impact of pollution caused by this hygiene product. However, socio-pedagogical approaches aimed at forming a responsible attitude towards the use and proper disposal of wet wipes remain underdeveloped and not systematic. Future research should focus on:
▪ further exploring the microbial diversity of hygiene products, considering both harmful microorganisms and potential biodegraders;
▪ search for eco- and bio-safe materials and solutions for wetting wet wipes;
▪ shaping the behaviour of responsible use and consumption of wet wipes.

EFFECT OF LEECH EXTRACT ON LYMPHOCYTES IN THERMAL BURNS

2026-02-14T06:43:15+02:00

Purpose of the work. The study aimed to evaluate changes in the quantitative composition of lymphocytes and the blast transformation reaction of lymphocytes under spontaneous conditions and concanavalin A stimulation during the healing of a thermal burn, as well as to determine the immunomodulatory effect of the water-salt extract of the medicinal leech (Hirudo verbana).

Methodology. The experimental study was conducted using a thermal burn model. Animals were divided into intact, control (thermal burn without treatment), and experimental groups treated with the water-salt extract of Hirudo verbana. Blood samples were collected on days 3, 7, 14, and 30 after injury. The percentage of lymphocytes and the blast transformation reaction of lymphocytes were assessed under spontaneous conditions and after stimulation with concanavalin A using standard immunological methods. Results were expressed as M ± m, and statistical analysis was performed using Student’s t-test.

Scientific novelty. For the first time, the dynamics of lymphocyte proliferative activity during thermal burn healing under the influence of the water-salt extract of the medicinal leech were quantitatively characterized. It was demonstrated that the extract promotes faster restoration of ConA-induced blast transformation of lymphocytes and prevents prolonged post-burn immunosuppression.

Conclusions. Thermal burn injury caused transient lymphopenia, increased spontaneous blast transformation, and suppression of mitogen-induced lymphocyte proliferation. Application of the water-salt extract of Hirudo verbana reduced the severity of these changes and ensured normalization of both quantitative and functional lymphocyte parameters by day 14 of the experiment. The obtained results confirm the pronounced immunomodulatory potential of the medicinal leech extract during reparative processes.

RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN RUFFIER INDEX-DERIVED FITNESS LEVELS AND RESTING CARDIOVASCULAR PERFORMANCE IN YOUNG ADULTS

2026-03-10T06:33:56+02:00

Purpose of the work. Physical fitness plays a crucial role in cardiovascular health, influencing stroke volume (SV), cardiac output (CO), heart rate (HR), and blood pressure. The Ruffier Index (RI) is a simple, field-based measure of cardiovascular efficiency, but evidence linking RI-assessed fitness to resting SV and CO in young adults is limited. This study aimed to investigate the relationship between RI-derived fitness levels and resting cardiovascular parameters (SV, CO, HR, SBP, DBP) in healthy young adults, and to examine potential sex-specific differences.

Methodology. A cross-sectional study was conducted with 51 healthy students (28 women, 23 men) from Pomeranian University in Słupsk, Poland (mean age: 20.8 ± 4.2 years for women; 19.9 ± 2.9 years for men). Physical fitness was classified using the RI into very good, good, average, and poor categories. Resting SBP, DBP, HR, SV, and CO were measured under standardised conditions. SV was calculated using the Starr formula, and CO was derived from SV × HR. Statistical analyses included ANOVA, post hoc Tukey tests, Pearson correlations, and linear/multivariate regression models with sex and blood pressure as covariates.

Scientific novelty. Most participants demonstrated average fitness, with very good fitness observed only in one male participant. Stroke volume decreased progressively as fitness declined in both sexes, while cardiac output increased among participants with lower fitness, indicating compensatory mechanisms via increased heart rate. Women with poor fitness had the highest resting CO (5485 ± 940 ml/min) and lowest SV (57.4 ± 7.9 ml), while men with poor fitness had CO of 5418 ± 510 ml/min and SV of 63.4 ± 3.1 ml. Significant negative correlations were found between RI and SV (women: r = −0.52; men: r = −0.48), and moderate positive correlations between RI and CO (women: r = 0.46; men: r = 0.41). Linear and multivariate regression confirmed RI as a significant predictor of SV and CO (p < 0.01). Sex differences were observed, with men exhibiting higher SV and slightly higher SBP.

Conclusions. Higher RI-assessed fitness is associated with greater stroke volume, lower cardiac output at rest, and more efficient myocardial function. Individuals with lower fitness compensate via increased HR, resulting in higher cardiovascular workload. These findings highlight the utility of RI as a practical tool for assessing cardiovascular efficiency in young adults and reinforce the importance of promoting regular physical activity to enhance cardiac function. Future studies should involve larger, longitudinal cohorts and include comprehensive physiological assessments.

MANOVA AS A TOOL FOR ENSURING THE INTEGRITY OF BIO-MEDICAL AND ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH

2026-01-18T10:15:51+02:00

Reproducibility and integrity of research are important principles of scientific, in particular biomedical and environmental, research, from the perspective of implementing sustainable development goals and the principles of open science.

Purpose of the work. The aim of the work is to prove that the use of multivariate analysis of variance in biomedical and environmental research is a tool for ensuring the integrity of scientific activity.

Methodology. The paper uses the authors’ research results to illustrate the advantages of the MANOVA approach for cyclical data in biomedical and environmental research from an integrity perspective. An analysis of modern published works on the problem of using statistical processing of scientific research results was applied, and general scientific methods were used: abstract-logical, induction-deduction and comparison.

Scientific novelty. The appropriateness of using one or another analysis to address situations in biomedical and environmental research involving statistical comparison of more than two groups, and often using data obtained through the application of complex experimental designs, is considered. Specific examples show how MANOVA improves and reduces the number of false positives, increases statistical efficiency, and allows for the identification of interactions between independent and dependent variables, providing a complete picture of the system under study, a full interpretation of the results, and the formulation of well-founded conclusions. Academic integrity issues related to the use of MANOVA are outlined: the validity of the post hoc procedure – descriptive discriminant analysis (DDA) and the lack of reporting on the statistical software used to analyze quantitative data.

Conclusions. Multivariate analysis of variance improves the integrity of life-science and environmental research by testing multiple dependent variables simultaneously, allowing for control of the rate of false positive errors in an experiment. It is statistically more efficient than performing multiple separate analyses. MANOVA also allows for the detection of interactions between factors, dependent and independent variables, better capturing the complexity of the organization of biological and ecological systems. This leads to more complete and reliable results, especially when working with multiple related biomedical or ecological measurements.

DEVELOPMENT OF A RISK-BASED APPROACH TO MEAT PRODUCT SAFETY

2026-03-03T13:36:12+02:00

Purpose of the work. The aim of this study is to summarise and systematically analyse contemporary risk-oriented approaches to ensuring the safety of meat products intended for children and sensitive population groups, as well as to substantiate the feasibility of using product shape and internal structure as engineering tools for reducing technological risks in the production of dried meat products.

Methodology. The methodology of the study is based on a review and analytical approach employing structural-logical, comparative and critical analysis of current scientific publications and regulatory documents: Codex Alimentarius, ISO 22000, norms of EFSA etc. related to food safety management. The analysis is conducted from a risk-oriented perspective, taking into account the multi-barrier concept, the role of water activity, dehydration kinetics, and the influence of product geometry and internal structure on the formation of microbiological stability in meat products.

Scientific novelty. Scientific novelty lies in the development of a generalised conceptual model in which the shape and internal structure of dried meat products are considered as active engineering factors for risk management. An interpretation of safe-by-design principles in food technologies is proposed as an applied mechanism of “built-in safety”, enabling the reduction of technological risks through product and process design rather than exclusively through formulation- or ingredient-based solutions.

Conclusions. The conclusions indicate that, for meat products intended for children and sensitive population groups, a risk-oriented approach should be combined with engineering control of product shape and internal structure. Such an approach contributes to reducing the duration of product exposure to potentially hazardous conditions, levelling water activity profiles, and decreasing dependence on preservative additives without compromising safety and quality.

USE OF ALTERNATIVE OAK MATERIALS AND CONTROLLED MICROOXIGENATION IN THE AGEING TECHNOLOGY OF UKRAINIAN RED WINES

2026-02-01T11:07:45+02:00

Purpose of the work. To study the influence of oak preparations in various forms (tannin NA-MT, blend AO/FO 75, natural wood) in combination with micro-oxygenation on the kinetics of red wine indicators over 12 months, improve the technology, and evaluate changes.

Methodology. Young red wines from grape varieties Cabernet Sauvignon, Merlot, and Odeskyi Chornyi, produced in the southern part of the Odessa region, without additional stabilization. Oak preparations in various forms: dry tannin NA-MT, liquid preparation BLEND AO/FO 75, and oak chips. An oak barrel with a volume of 225 L was used as a control. Measurements: spectrophotometry in the CIELab system according to the OIV-MA-AS2-11 method, determination of phenolic substances by the Folin-Ciocalteu method, coloring substances – by colorimetric method. Data processing: regression analysis, descriptive statistics, cluster analysis.

Scientific novelty. The comprehensive influence of exogenous phenolic substances from oak wood in various forms (dry sublimate, liquid extract, and natural wood) on the dynamics of changes in phenolic and coloring substances, as well as optical indicators in Ukrainian red wines, has been studied. A micro-oxygenation scheme with nonlinear oxygen addition, adapted to the phenolic content of Ukrainian wines, has been developed, which models oxidative processes in an oak barrel.

Conclusions. In hermetic tanks, dissolved oxygen decreased exponentially to minimal levels, limiting oxidation. In barrels, oxygen was maintained at a higher equilibrium level through diffusion. Phenolic substances tend to decrease in all variants, while coloring substances show the strongest effect for the variant with tannin NA-MT. Changes in color were observed in the experimental samples: increase in lightness (L*), decrease in red tone (a*), enhancement of yellow (b*). Euclidean distances showed similarity between the BLEND AO/FO 75 and oak chips variants to the indicators of aging in a barrel.

The proposed micro-oxygenation scheme effectively models barrel aging, offering economical alternatives for Ukrainian winemaking. Individual dose adjustments are recommended depending on the variety and type of oak. Further research will focus on changes in sensory profiles and parameter stability over time.

THE INFLUENCE OF PHOTOCATALYTIC DEGRADATION CONDITIONS OF PARACETAMOL AND DICLOFENAC USING TiO2 AND ZnO

2025-12-12T15:15:48+02:00

Purpose of the work. To investigate the photocatalytic degradation of paracetamol (PAR) and diclofenac (DCF) in aqueous solutions under the action of zinc oxide (ZnO) and titanium dioxide (TiO₂); to determine the influence of pH and catalyst dosage on the degradation rate; and to compare the efficiency of different photocatalytic systems.

Methodology. To determine the optimal conditions for the photocatalytic processes, the following parameters were investigated: the effect of the pH of the working solutions and the concentrations of the catalysts. Degradation was carried out under UV irradiation, and the process was modelled using pseudo-first-order kinetics. Based on experimental data, reaction rate constants (k) and half-life periods (t_1/2) were calculated for each set of conditions.

Scientific novelty. For the first time, a comparative analysis of PAR and DCF degradation under identical conditions using two of the most widespread photocatalysts – ZnO and TiO₂ – was conducted, enabling the identification of differences in their reactivity toward distinct classes of pharmaceutical pollutants. The study established regularities in the influence of pH on the photocatalytic activity of TiO₂ and ZnO for both PAR and DCF, demonstrating a clear trend: lowering pH enhances degradation more significantly for TiO₂ than for ZnO. It was found that TiO₂ exhibits substantially higher activity in acidic media, enabling nearly complete PAR removal even at a catalyst concentration of 0.5 g/dm³, which provides a basis for optimizing photocatalytic wastewater treatment conditions. Differences in the kinetic behaviour of the two pollutants were identified: PAR consistently degraded faster than DCF under all experimental conditions, indicating variations in molecular stability and reactivity during photocatalytic processes.

Conclusions. PAR degraded faster than DCF regardless of the photocatalyst type. The highest degradation efficiency was achieved with TiO₂ in acidic medium (pH 5), while ZnO showed moderate activity. Lowering pH and increasing catalyst dosage intensified the degradation of pharmaceutical compounds.

MODERN SYNTHETIC STRATEGIES FOR SUBSTITUTED VINYL SULFONES

2026-02-17T20:26:04+02:00

Purpose of the work. The study aims to systematize and generalize current scientific data regarding synthetic approaches to the formation of substituted vinyl sulfones. This allows to specify the most effective strategies and predicting future directions for utilizing these compounds in modern organic and medicinal synthesis.

Methodology. A comprehensive analysis of publications in peer-reviewed scientific journals over the past two decades was conducted. Methods of comparative analysis, generalization, and critical evaluation of research results in the field of modern organic synthesis were employed. Particular attention was paid to studies that experimentally proves the advantages of novel synthetic methods compared to classics.

Scientific novelty. The work systematizes and critically analyzes the mass of data of recent years on the evolution of synthetic strategies for the creation of functionalized vinyl sulfones for the first time, which allowed us to present a conceptual map of modern approaches to the design of a vinyl sulfone fragment with a high level of regio- and stereocontrol in a single overview format.

Conclusions. The current state of development of methods for the synthesis of vinyl sulfones indicates a steady trend towards the introduction of metallocatalytic, electro- and photochemical methods, as well as the use of mild oxidation systems that provide high regio- and stereoselectivity of the process. Analysis of literary sources shows that the starting materials for introducing a vinyl fragment into the system are usually alkenes, alkynes and cinnamic acids, while the sources of the sulfonyl group most often are sulfinates, sulfonyl chlorides and sulfonyl hydrazides.

Modern approaches to the synthesis of β-aminovinyl sulfones focus on high chemoselectivity and the use of mild conditions, where control over the activation of C–H and C–N bonds plays a key role. It has been established that the direction of the reaction critically depends on the nature of the environment: the use of dimethyl sulfoxide and photocatalysis leads to formation of enamine sulfones, while aqueous conditions usually initiates the formation of sulfamides.

ANALYSIS OF THE ACCLIMATIZED ORNAMENTAL INTRODUCED WOODY PLANTS FLORA OF CHERNIHIV’S GREEN INFRASTRUCTURE

2026-02-06T22:24:48+02:00

The study is focused on a comprehensive floristic evaluation of acclimatized ornamental introduced woody plants within the green infrastructure of Chernihiv.

The aim of the work is to assess the current state and determine the prospects for sustainable urban greening of Chernihiv in the context of climate change by analyzing the systematic, geographical, biomorphological and ecological structure of the flora of acclimatized ornamental introduced woody plants.

Methodology. The research was conducted during 2023–2025 across various functional zones of Chernihiv’s green infrastructure. The object of study is the acclimatized ornamental introduced woody plants flora. The methodology integrated floristic inventorying (WFO standard), geographical analysis based on the homoclimatic principle, ecological assessment using USDA Hardiness Zones, and invasive risk evaluation following established regional criteria.

Scientific novelty. For the first time, a detailed analysis of the ornamental introduced flora of Chernihiv has been performed, accounting for the massive influx of modern cultivars in the 21st century. The study identifies specific biological indicators of regional climate warming (successful acclimatization of USDA Zone 6A-7A species) and establishes a correlation between the duration of a species’ introduction and its invasive potential. The functional role of various functional zones as refugia for climate-resilient exotics is substantiated.

Conclusions. The flora is represented by 115 species, 2 subspecies, and 79 cultivars from 30 families, among which Rosaceae and Fabaceae predominate. Geographical structure is led by North American (34.78 %) and East Asian (25.22 %) groups. It was found that invasive potential is characteristic primarily of “legacy” species (pre-20th century), while modern cultivars remain ecologically safe. The thriving of taxa like Sequoiadendron giganteum and Hibiscus syriacus confirms a shift in climate boundaries. Future development of Chernihiv’s green infrastructure, according to the 2016 Greening Concept, should prioritize technogenically resilient hybrids and climate-plastic exotics from the 5th and 6th USDA zones.

SPECIES COMPOSITION OF THE DENDROFLORA IN PRESCHOOL EDUCATIONAL INSTITUTIONS IN CHERNIVTSI CITY AS A DRIVER OF ECOSYSTEM SERVICES

2026-03-07T05:48:47+02:00

Purpose of the work. An inventory of woody plantings in preschool educational institutions (PEIs) in Chernivtsi city and an assessment of how species composition and dendroflora condition affect the capacity to deliver regulating ecosystem services across different green space planning configurations.

Methodology. A tree inventory was conducted to build a geospatial database. Taxonomic and structural analyses were performed, and tree vitality was assessed. Statistical processing and visualization were carried out in RStudio. Carbon sequestration, stormwater interception, and air purification, including their monetary valuation, were modeled using i-Tree Eco algorithms.

Scientific novelty. For the first time, a verified geospatial registry of dendroflora in PEIs of Chernivtsi has been developed, providing a foundation for systematic monitoring and evidence-based decision-making in urban greening. This study analyzes restricted-use green spaces, which remain under-researched relative to other categories of urban green infrastructure. It expands current understanding of their role in shaping the regulating potential of the urban ecosystem and substantiates that ecological efficiency is determined not only by quantitative phytomass parameters but also by the structural and functional organization of the plantings.

Conclusions. The study reveals that while the dendroflora of 41 PEIs (3527 specimens) exhibits high species richness (67 species), it suffers from significant quantitative unevenness: 47.1 % of the total tree stock is dominated by only four species –Thuja occidentalis, Betula pendula, Picea abies, and Prunus cerasus. Quantitative analysis of various landscaping configurations confirms the presence of ecosystem trade-offs. Ornamental coniferous plantings provide the maximum cumulative carbon sequestration (138 t CO₂-eq.) but yield the lowest economic value per individual tree. Conversely, fruit tree plantings demonstrate the highest individual productivity and superior hydrological benefits (2.58 m³ per tree). These findings substantiate the need to develop structurally heterogeneous plantings that integrate both deciduous and evergreen species to ensure the seasonal stability of regulating ecosystem services.